Courtesy of RenderPlan

如何通過PS做出漂亮的風(fēng)格化平面圖

How to Make Beautiful Stylized Floor Plans Using Photoshop

本文最初由RenderPlan發(fā)表，標(biāo)題為“如何通過PS渲染從CAD導(dǎo)出的平面圖”。

無論是面對客戶匯報(bào)方案還是在設(shè)計(jì)競賽中脫穎而出，通過PS來渲染平面圖都是至關(guān)重要的工作。無論何時(shí)，你出版書籍、編輯網(wǎng)站，抑或制作演講稿，你的平面設(shè)計(jì)的出圖質(zhì)量便也是你的能力說明。讓我們一步一步慢慢學(xué)習(xí)。

This article was originally published by RenderPlan as "How to Render an AutoCAD Floor Plan with Photoshop."

Rendering plans in Photoshop is an essential part of presenting your work to your client or to convince a competition jury to pick your design as a winner. Whenever you publish your work for books, websites or presentations the design quality of your plans will be your business card to future clients and the audience you build around your practice. Let’s start step by step.

Courtesy of RenderPlan

1、在CAD中繪制平面圖

在這篇文章中，我們將說明如何將CAD最初導(dǎo)出的平面圖，通過PS操作之后，變成具有美感的渲染平面圖。圖面的藝術(shù)性來源于輕微的色彩感與肌理感，為了加快你的工作流程，你應(yīng)該以你自己的方式繪制出易于調(diào)整的CAD圖形，因?yàn)檫@樣在后期有助于PS軟件的操作。

上圖展示的是導(dǎo)出前的簡單辦公樓平面圖，以下是你在CAD中應(yīng)該做的事：

1.1用不同的圖層繪制你的圖形

這個(gè)步驟聽上去普通，但卻至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)檫@樣你能夠?qū)AD文件按圖層導(dǎo)出至不同的PDF文件。

1.2將墻體設(shè)置為填充模式

正如你在CAD文件中看到的那樣，以下幾個(gè)圖層應(yīng)當(dāng)單獨(dú)設(shè)置并且填充：

• 混凝土墻
• 輕質(zhì)墻體
• 樓梯
• 房間
• 走廊
• 背景
• 其他任何你認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)在PS中單獨(dú)操作的圖層也可以單獨(dú)設(shè)置。

1.3為每個(gè)要單獨(dú)導(dǎo)出的元素設(shè)置單獨(dú)布局框

你可以為每個(gè)需要單獨(dú)導(dǎo)出的元素設(shè)置布局框，這些布局窗口的比例與大小都必須相同。在布局框中只顯示要導(dǎo)出的圖層，然后凍結(jié)其他圖層。使用CAD中的“發(fā)布”功能，你可以簡單的將布局框?qū)С蒔DF文件。你的布局框的導(dǎo)出大小也就是最終PS的成圖大小。下面的圖顯示了我在CAD中創(chuàng)建的不同布局框，然后我會(huì)將這些布局框單獨(dú)導(dǎo)出至PDF文件。

1. Structuring your CAD drawing in AutoCAD

In this article, we will cover the principle steps of how to export a floor plan drawing from AutoCAD and render it with Adobe Photoshop. The art is to create aesthetic looking plans that are not too overloaded with colors and textures. In order to speed up your workflow, you should already structure your CAD drawing in a way that helps you to be faster in Photoshop later.

The graphic above shows the principle drawing style of a simple office floor plan in AutoCAD right before exporting. Here are the things you should do in your AutoCAD DWG:

1.1 Structure you drawing on different layers

This is of course not a magical advice but it really critical to do so and to be able to export different parts of you drawing to single PDF files later.

1.2. Use solid hatches to fill parts of your floor plan

As you see in the AutoCAD screenshot graphic above the following parts of the floor plan drawings are filled with solid hatches on unique layers:

• Concrete walls
• Light walls
• Staircases
• Rooms
• Corridors
• Background hatch
• Anything else you want to have as a unique selection in Photoshop later

1.3. Create a layout window for each element you want to export separately

You should create a layout window with the same fixed size and scale for each part of the drawing you want to export. In the layout frame you show only the layer you want to export. Freeze all others. With the “Publish” function of AutoCAD you could simply export the entire layout windows to PDF files in one steps. The outcome size of your layout windows will be the size of your Photoshop document later. See the graphic below, which shows the different layout windows I created in AutoCAD to export my drawing to single PDF files.

Courtesy of RenderPlan

2、將CAD文件導(dǎo)出至PDF文件

你是否按照上面的步驟完成了CAD部分的工作？那么我們繼續(xù)往下：

2.1將CAD文件導(dǎo)出至多個(gè)PDF文件

為什么需要分別導(dǎo)出？因?yàn)樵阡秩酒矫娴倪^程中，你可以按照需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建不同的PSD文件。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的，你可以凍結(jié)其他圖層，只操作需要的圖層信息。在這個(gè)辦公樓案例中，我導(dǎo)出了10個(gè)PDF文件。這聽起來有些繁瑣，但實(shí)際上是后期節(jié)約時(shí)間的必要步驟。

2.2在PS中打開PDF文件，分辨率設(shè)置為200dpi

如果你將PDF在PS中打開，就會(huì)彈出一個(gè)窗口詢問你需要將打開文件設(shè)置為多少像素，我一般設(shè)置為200dpi，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)能夠在保證高質(zhì)量打印效果的同時(shí)，又不過分占用電腦內(nèi)存。如果你的電腦足夠快，或者你想要特別高清的圖像，可以按照書中所說設(shè)置為300dpi，但事實(shí)上沒有必要設(shè)置過高的分辨率，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)導(dǎo)致文件過大，從而降低電腦運(yùn)行速度。

2.3將所有的PDF文件放置在一個(gè)PSD文件中

現(xiàn)在，你的PS里有10個(gè)不同的PDF文件，下一步是將這些文件放置在同一個(gè)PSD文件當(dāng)中，由于所有的PDF文件的大小完全相同，你便可以直接將這些圖層復(fù)制到一個(gè)文件中，再右鍵單擊該圖層，選擇你想要收集所有元素的文件。我總是將文件命名為Lines.pdf。完成后，你應(yīng)該將該文檔保存至PSD文件，然后關(guān)閉其他文件。下圖是我創(chuàng)建PSD文件時(shí)的圖層，這是為之后的上色和制作肌理做準(zhǔn)備。

2. Exporting your DWG drawing to PDF files

Have you finished your CAD work and structured your drawing the way explained above? Great, now you are ready for the next step:

2.1 Export your drawing to multiple PDF files

Why multiple? Because this is necessary to structure your Photoshop PSD file into the elements you need for rendering your plan. In order to do so, you should export single layers of your DWG by freezing all others layers and using the layout window you created for the object. I exported 10 different PDF files for this office floor plan case study. Sounds a lot, but you will save the time later when it comes to photoshopping.

2.2 Open your PDF Files in Photoshop with 200 dpi

If you open your exported PDF Files with Photoshop you will see a pop-up screen that will ask you with how many pixels you want to open the file. I always use 200 dpi because it is enough for high-quality printing and keeps the files size manageable. If you have a fast Mac or PC engine and want a really high quality, let’s say for a book publishing, then 300 dpi would be good for you. But there is no need to go higher because your file size will explode and your computer will slow down.

2.3. Layer all PDF files in one PSD file

You have 10 different PDF files opened in Photoshop now. Next step is to layer those files in one file. Since all of the documents have the exact same image size you can simply duplicate layers into one master file by right-clicking on the layer and choosing the file you want to collect all of the elements. I always use the Lines.pdf as my master document. Once finished you should save that file to a PSD file and close all the others. The following graphic shows how my raw layered PSD file looks and how I sort the layers in order to get ready for coloring and texturing.

Courtesy of RenderPlan

3、在PS中渲染你的平面圖

下面的步驟十分有趣。你已經(jīng)把未處理的PDF文件放置在同一個(gè)PSD文件中，接下來你該準(zhǔn)備添加色彩與肌理，這樣你的平面圖將會(huì)看起來更棒。

3.1添加色彩與肌理

在PS中添加色彩與肌理的方法很多，接下來的步驟將會(huì)很快。你已經(jīng)單獨(dú)將墻體、地板以及家具等元素列出來，接下來你可以為這些不同的圖層添加不同的色彩。進(jìn)入你的圖層面板，雙擊任意一個(gè)圖層房間或者走廊，此時(shí)屏幕將彈出以下窗口：

3. Rendering your plan in Photoshop

Now we are coming to the fun part. You have sorted your raw PDF elements in one Photoshop PSD file. This is the point where you are ready to add colors and textures so your plan will look great for publishing.

3.1 Adding textures and colors

There are of course many ways to add colors and textures with Photoshop. But you are prepared to be really fast now. Why? Because you have already all the selections for the separate plan elements like walls, floor or furniture. Let me show you how simply you could add different colors to your floor plan. Go to your layer palette and double click on the hatch layers of the rooms or corridors. The following window will pop up:

Courtesy of RenderPlan

為了創(chuàng)建一個(gè)精致與抽象的平面，你可以用混凝土紋理圖片疊加到圖層中，為圖層添加肌理。如果你想要添加更多不同的肌理類型，你可以從cgtextures.com網(wǎng)絡(luò)上按照需求下載不同的肌理元素。為了使平面圖呈現(xiàn)紅色的效果，我將色彩疊加到圖層中，并且將圖層混合模式設(shè)置為“正片疊底”，再將房間的不透明度設(shè)置為30%，走廊的不透明度設(shè)置為10%，這時(shí)將呈現(xiàn)如下效果：

In order to create a subtle and abstract looking surface you can use a concrete pattern and overlay it on your layer. If you want to choose from a wide range of textures just browse cgtextures.com and you will find everything you need. For the red look I use a color overlay and put the blend mode on “multiply” and the opacity on 30% for the office rooms. The corridors are on 10% opacity. The layers will look like this then:

Courtesy of RenderPlan

以下是各圖層的設(shè)置參數(shù)，列出來以供參考：

• 線框圖層：正片疊底、不透明度75%
• 文本圖層：正片疊底、不透明度75%
• 家具填充圖層：圖層效果—顏色疊加：白色、RGB 255/255/255
• 混凝土墻體填充圖層：圖層效果—顏色疊加：黑色、RGB 0/0/0、不透明度70%
• 分隔墻體填充圖層：圖層效果—顏色疊加：黑色、RGB 0/0/0、不透明度50%
• 欄桿填充圖層：圖層效果—顏色疊加：白色、RGB 255/255/255
• 樓梯填充圖層：圖層效果—顏色疊加：紅色、RGB 255/0/0、不透明度30%、圖層效果：肌理模式
• 房間填充圖層：圖層效果—顏色疊加：紅色、RGB 255/0/0、不透明度30%、圖層效果：肌理模式
• 走廊填充圖層：圖層效果—顏色疊加：紅色、RGB 255/0/0、不透明度10%、圖層效果：肌理模式
• 背景填充圖層：白色填充

圖層的順序與PSD中的順序相同。下圖呈現(xiàn)的是當(dāng)前的結(jié)果，最終的成圖便是這樣，我們唯一需要做的就是添加陰影。

Here is a list of the layers of the floor plan PSD with the layer settings I use to create the style below:

• Lines Layer Layer Setting: Multiply, 75% Opacity
• Text Layer Layer Setting: Multiply, 75% Opacity
• Furniture Filling Layer Layer Effect > Color overlay: White, RGB 255/255/255
• Concrete Wall Filling Layer Layer Effect > Color overlay: Black, RGB 0/0/0, 70% Opacity
• Dry Wall Filling Layer Layer Effect > Color overlay: Black, RGB 0/0/0, 50% Opacity
• Balustrade Filling Layer Layer Effect > Color overlay: White, RGB 255/255/255
• Stair Case Filling Layer Layer Effect > Color overlay: Red, RGB 255/0/0, 30% Opacity Layer Effect > Pattern overlay: Concrete Pattern
• Room Filling Layer Layer Effect > Color overlay: Red, RGB 255/0/0, 30% Opacity Layer Effect > Pattern overlay: Concrete Pattern
• Corridor Filling Layer Layer Effect > Color overlay: Red, RGB 255/0/0, 10% Opacity Layer Effect > Pattern overlay: Concrete Pattern
• Background Filling Layer Just a white filling

The order of the layers is like you can sort them in your PSD. See the outcome of those easy steps below. This is the final rendered floor plan. The only thing you still have to do is to add shadows!

Courtesy of RenderPlan

3.2為你的平面圖創(chuàng)建陰影

我們需要通過陰影讓圖面更有立體感。陰影對于凸顯空間、高度以及設(shè)計(jì)的深度具有強(qiáng)大的作用。我一般習(xí)慣于直接在CAD文件中添加陰影，然后將陰影圖層直接導(dǎo)出至PDF文件。然后你可以將它置于其他圖層之上，并填充為黑色，圖層混合模式設(shè)置為正片疊底，不透明度設(shè)置為15%至25%，這個(gè)步驟就完成了。

另一種方法是直接在PS中創(chuàng)建陰影。你可以用矩形選框工具選擇出陰影的區(qū)域，然后填充黑色。事實(shí)上，直接在CAD中創(chuàng)建陰影更加準(zhǔn)確快捷，但這取決于個(gè)人的喜好。

3.2 Creating shadows for your floor plan

We still have to create the shadows, so the floor plan will look more plastic. Shadows are great for understanding the different spaces, heights, and depths of the design. I am a huge fan of drawing my shadows already in AutoCAD and exporting them in a single PDF file like the method explained above. You can then easily import them on a layer above all other layers. Fill the shadow hatch with black color, set the layer on multiply and 15-25% Opacity. And you are ready.

The other way is to create them in Photoshop on a new layer with the rectangular marquee tool (M) and the paint bucket for filling them with black. I like the AutoCAD way more because it is more accurate and faster for me but this would depend on your skills of course.

Courtesy of RenderPlan

3.3選擇你想要的圖面效果

完成上述步驟后，你創(chuàng)建出了一個(gè)PSD文件，你便可以輕松地運(yùn)用圖層效果來改變你的平面效果。下圖是我設(shè)計(jì)的平面圖，如果你不喜歡紅色，你可以換成其他的色彩。

3.3 Choose the graphical style you want

Once you are done with the steps described above you have created a PSD file with which you could easily play around to change the output styles of your floor plan graphic. By just changing the layer effects I created the following design styles shown in the graphic below. You might want to do the same in caseattachimg]Courtesy of RenderPlan

由專筑網(wǎng)李韌，曹逸希編譯

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